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Windows 10 change to japanese keyboard layout free - |
TextFugu | 2. Installing Japanese Input On Your Computer - Uninstall the Japanese Language from Windows 10
A keyboard layout is any specific physical, visual or functional arrangement of the keys, legends, or key-meaning associations respectively of a computer keyboard , mobile phone , or other computer-controlled typographic keyboard. Physical layout is the actual positioning of keys on a keyboard. Visual layout is the arrangement of the legends labels, markings, engravings that appear on those keys. Functional layout is the arrangement of the key-meaning association or keyboard mapping , determined in software, of all the keys of a keyboard: it is this rather than the legends that determines the actual response to a key press.
Modern computer keyboards are designed to send a scancode to the operating system OS when a key is pressed or released: this code reports only the key's row and column, not the specific character engraved on that key.
The OS converts the scancode into a specific binary character code using a "scancode to character" conversion table, called the keyboard mapping table. This means that a physical keyboard may be dynamically mapped to any layout without switching hardware components—merely by changing the software that interprets the keystrokes. Often, [a] a user can change keyboard mapping in system settings. In addition, software may be available to modify or extend keyboard functionality.
Thus the symbol shown on the physical key-top need not be the same as appears on the screen or goes into a document being typed. Some settings enable the user to type supplementary symbols which are not engraved on the keys used to invoke them. A computer keyboard consists of alphanumeric or character keys for typing, modifier keys for altering the functions of other keys, [1] navigation keys for moving the text cursor on the screen, function keys and system command keys —such as Esc and Break —for special actions, and often a numeric keypad to facilitate calculations.
There is some variation between different keyboard models in the physical layout—i. The core section of a keyboard consists of character keys, which can be used to type letters and other characters.
Typically, there are three rows of keys for typing letters and punctuation , an upper row for typing digits and special symbols, and the Space bar on the bottom row. The positioning of the character keys is similar to the keyboard of a typewriter. Besides the character keys, a keyboard incorporates special keys that do nothing by themselves but modify the functions of other keys.
Apple keyboards have differently labelled but equivalent keys, see below. Typically, a modifier key is held down while another key is struck. To facilitate this, modifier keys usually come in pairs, one functionally identical key for each hand, so holding a modifier key with one hand leaves the other hand free to strike another key.
The Latin alphabet keyboard has a dedicated key for each of the letters A—Z, keys for punctuation and other symbols, usually a row of function keys , often a numeric keypad and some system control keys. In most languages except English, additional letters some with diacritics are required and some are present as standard on each national keyboard, as appropriate for its national language. These keyboards have another modified key, labelled AltGr alternative graphic , to the right of the space-bar.
US keyboards just have a second Alt key in this position. These third-level and fourth-level symbols may be engraved on the right half of the key top, or they may be unmarked.
Cyrillic alphabet and Greek alphabet keyboards have similar arrangements. Macs have a Ctrl key for compatibility with programs that expect a more traditional keyboard layout.
The key can generally be used to produce a secondary mouse click as well. There is also a Fn key on modern Mac keyboards, which is used for switching between use of the F1 , F2 , etc.
Fn key can be also found on smaller Windows and Linux laptops and tablets, where it serves a similar purpose. Some early keyboards experimented with using large numbers of modifier keys. This allowed the user to type over possible characters by playing suitable "chords" with many modifier keys pressed simultaneously. A dead key is a special kind of a modifier key that, instead of being held while another key is struck, is pressed and released before the other key.
The dead key does not generate a character by itself, but it modifies the character generated by the key struck immediately after, typically making it possible to type a letter with a specific diacritic. In some systems, there is no indication to the user that a dead key has been struck, so the key appears dead, but in some text-entry systems the diacritical mark is displayed along with an indication that the system is waiting for another keystroke: either the base character to be marked, an additional diacritical mark, or Space bar to produce the diacritical mark in isolation.
Compared with the secondary-shift modifier key, the dead-key approach may be a little more complicated, but it allows more additional letters. Using AltGr, only one or if used simultaneously with the normal shift key two additional letters with each key, whereas using a dead key, a specific diacritic can be attached to a range of different base letters.
A Compose key can be characterized as a generic dead key that may in some systems be available instead of or in addition to the more specific dead keys. It allows access to a wide range of predefined extra characters by interpreting a whole sequence of keystrokes following it.
The Compose key is supported by the X Window System used by most Unix-like operating systems , including most Linux distributions.
Some keyboards have a key labeled "Compose", but any key can be configured to serve this function. This can be emulated in Windows with third party programs, for example WinCompose. Depending on the application, some keyboard keys are not used to enter a printable character but instead are interpreted by the system as a formatting, mode shift, or special commands to the system.
The following examples are found on personal computer keyboards. The system request SysRq and print screen PrtSc or on some keyboards e.
PrtScn commands often share the same key. SysRq was used in earlier computers as a "panic" button to recover from crashes and it is still used in this sense to some extent by the Linux kernel ; see Magic SysRq key. The print screen command used to capture the entire screen and send it to the printer, but in the present it usually puts a screenshot in the clipboard. Its origins go back to teleprinter users, who wanted a key that would temporarily interrupt the communications line.
The Break key can be used by software in several different ways, such as to switch between multiple login sessions, to terminate a program, or to interrupt a modem connection.
In most Microsoft Windows environments, the key combination Windows Pause brings up the system properties. The escape key often abbreviated Esc "nearly all of the time" [6] signals Stop [7] QUIT [8] let me "get out of a dialog" [6] or pop-up window : [9].
Another common application today of the Esc key is to trigger the Stop button in many web browsers. ESC was part of the standard keyboard of the Teletype Model 33 introduced in and used with many early minicomputers.
The TECO text editor c. Historically it also served as a type of shift key, such that one or more following characters were interpreted differently, hence the term escape sequence , which refers to a series of characters, usually preceded by the escape character.
On machines running Microsoft Windows, prior to the implementation of the Windows key on keyboards, the typical practice for invoking the "start" button was to hold down the control key and press escape. An "enter" key may terminate a paragraph of text and advance an editing cursor to the start of the next available line, similar to the "carriage return" key of a typewriter. When the attached system is processing a user command line , pressing "enter" may signal that the command has been completely entered and that the system may now process it.
Shift key: when one presses shift and a letter, it will capitalize the letter pressed with the shift key. Another use is to type more symbols than appear to be available, for instance the semi-colon key is accompanied with a colon symbol on the top. To type a semi-colon, the key is pressed without pressing any other key. To type a colon, both this key and the Shift key are pressed concurrently.
Some systems make provision for users with mobility impairment by allowing the Shift key to be pressed first and then the desired symbol key. It is used to launch a context menu with the keyboard rather than with the usual right mouse button. The key's symbol is usually a small icon depicting a cursor hovering above a menu.
On some Samsung keyboards the cursor in the icon is not present, showing the menu only. This key was created at the same time as the Windows key. This key is normally used when the right mouse button is not present on the mouse. The Windows key opens the 'Start' applications menu. Keyboard layouts have evolved over time, usually alongside major technology changes. Particularly influential have been: the Sholes and Glidden typewriter , also known as Remington No.
Within a community, keyboard layout is generally quite stable, due to the high training cost of touch-typing , and the resulting network effect of having a standard layout and high switching cost of retraining, and the suboptimal QWERTY layout is a case study in switching costs. Nevertheless, significant market forces can result in changes as in Turkish adoption of QWERTY , and non-core keys are more prone to change, as they are less frequently used and less subject to the lock-in of touch-typing.
The main, alphanumeric portion is typically stable, while symbol keys and shifted key values change somewhat, modifier keys more so, and function keys most of all: QWERTY dates to the No. The earliest mechanical keyboards were used in musical instruments to play particular notes. With the advent of the printing telegraph , a keyboard was needed to select characters.
Some of the earliest printing telegraph machines either used a piano keyboard outright or else a layout similar to a piano keyboard. Sholes' layout was long thought to have been laid out in such a way that common two-letter combinations were placed on opposite sides of the keyboard so that his mechanical keyboard would not jam. However, evidence for this claim has often been contested. In , an argument was advanced by two Japanese historians of technology showing that the key order on the earliest Sholes prototypes in fact followed the left-right and right-left arrangement of the contemporary Hughes-Phelps printing telegraph, described above.
Sholes' chief improvement was thus to lay out the keys in rows offset horizontally from each other by three-eighths, three-sixteenths, and three-eighths inches to provide room for the levers and to reduce hand-movement distance. Although it has been demonstrated that the QWERTY layout is not the most efficient layout for typing, [19] it remains the standard.
On a manual typewriter, the operator could press the key down with a lighter touch for such characters as the period or comma, which did not occupy as much area on the paper. Since an electric typewriter supplied the force to the typebar itself after the typist merely touched the key, the typewriter itself had to be designed to supply different force for different characters.
To simplify this, the most common layout for electric typewriters in the United States differed from that for the one most common on manual typewriters. Single-quote and double-quote, instead of being above the keys for the digits 2 and 8 respectively, were placed together on a key of their own. The underscore, another light character, replaced the asterisk above the hyphen. The ASCII communications code was designed so that characters on a mechanical teletypewriter keyboard could be laid out in a manner somewhat resembling that of a manual typewriter.
This was imperfect, as some shifted special characters were moved one key to the left, as the number zero, although on the right, was low in code sequence. Later, when computer terminals were designed from less expensive electronic components, it was not necessary to have any bits in common between the shifted and unshifted characters on a given key. This eventually led to standards being adopted for the "bit-pairing" and "typewriter-pairing" forms of keyboards for computer terminals.
The typewriter-pairing standard came under reconsideration, on the basis that typewriters have many different keyboard arrangements. Newer keyboards may incorporate even further additions, such as Internet access World Wide Web navigation keys and multimedia access to media players buttons. As noted before, the layout of a keyboard may refer to its physical arrangement of keys , visual physical labeling of keys , or functional software response to a key press or release layout.
Physical layouts only address tangible differences among keyboards. When a key is pressed, the keyboard does not send a message such as the A-key is depressed but rather the left-most main key of the home row is depressed. Technically, each key has an internal reference number, the scan code, and these numbers are what is sent to the computer when a key is pressed or released. The keyboard and the computer each have no information about what is marked on that key, and it could equally well be the letter A or the digit 9.
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